Elizabeth Goudge’s Linnets and Valerians: Part II

The first part of this article introduced the witch Emma Cobley and her black magic. There is a lot more to say about her, her magic and her adversary Uncle Ambrose.

Magic making

Emma Cobley performs her black magic literally by the book - a spell-book that she wrote herself. She also makes potions, draws diagrams and sticks pins in figurines made from mandrake roots. She uses ingredients such as animal blood, boiled frogs and wolf’s bane.

This is all very traditional.

One of her potions makes a man dote upon a woman. It is possible that she used this one on Hugo Valerian. If so, his promise to marry her was obtained illegitimately. This is similar to what happened in the case of Helen Penclosa and Austin Gilroy.

The retired doctor whose housekeeper Emma became was very fond of her: he educated her; he left her some money when he died. She was able to live quite like a lady.

We are not told whether or not Emma used any of her potions and spells on the doctor to get his money and his knowledge. We are told that she was beautiful, clever and quick to learn, which together with the fact that he left his house and most of his money to his sister suggests that she did not. She just used her natural attributes to charm him.

It is a pity that she didn’t do this to find someone else after Hugo Valerian rejected her instead of taking revenge on him.

Another of her spells causes a man and woman who love each other to become estranged; it is very likely that she later used this one on Hugo and Lady Alicia.

The spells that she used may have affected her for the worse.

By using spells that cut people in a relationship off from each other, Emma may have activated forces that isolated her from the good, decent people in her village and prevented her from finding someone else. She never married and associated mainly with unpleasant people.

Elizabeth Goudge’s Linnets and Valerians: Part I

Best-selling novelist Elizabeth Goudge is not one of my favourite authors, although I do like some aspects of some of her books.

I heard of Linnets and Valerians only recently. When I learned that one of the characters is an evil witch, I got a copy in the hope that there would be enough suitable material for an article or two.

I found that much of the book is not about the witch and is not very relevant to this blog. However, some elements are worth a mention and there are a few connections to be made.

Linnets and Valerians

This amusing little book, which was first published in 1964 and later retitled The Runaways, is set in 1912.

In summary, the four high-spirited and resourceful young Linnet children run away from their autocratic grandmother to stay with their eccentric Uncle Ambrose. They enter a wonderful new world filled with magic and superstition and help to lift some long-standing curses.

The main character of interest is Emma Cobley, who is the local witch. There is nothing original about her and her story, but the book provides yet another example of a typical fictional witch.

Emma Cobley

Emma Cobley owns the village general store, which has a low green door. This where the children first meet her: they go in to buy some sweets. They have trouble getting the door open. The light inside is so dim that it is a while before they notice the proprietor, who is knitting.  

She is a little old dame with beady black eyes that notice everything. She wears a white mob cap, a black dress and a red shawl - familiar colours that are connected to the three phases of the moon.

Her sweets of many colours look magical in their glass bottles.

This is all very symbolic.

Objective and subjective approaches to research

When I want to learn about an important new topic, I do a lot of research before making any decisions, deductions or evaluations.

I start by collecting, collating, analysing, interpreting and summarising facts and figures.

My system for dealing with the basics is to read several different accounts and concentrate mainly on what they all have in common. This ensures that I don’t get a false, biased, misleading, exaggerated or incomplete picture. When the articles all give the same information - independently as opposed to quoting from the same unverified source - it is likely to be correct.

I also choose a variety of sources because seeing the same information presented in different ways and words helps me to understand and retain it.

This phase is primarily a learning exercise.

Once I have grasped the essentials, I go into the subject in more detail. I also take a more random, subjective approach. I look for different viewpoints and examples of personal experience. Where relevant, I read reviews.

When a variety of people all independently report the same personal experiences  - as opposed to repeating what they have heard or read of other people’s - they are likely to be true, all the more if they are the same as mine!

This phase is primarily an evaluation exercise.

For both phases, critical thinking skills and a good memory are very useful attributes. Making good notes will help a lot too.  

Information and experience selection

I am often spoilt for choice when it comes to articles and explanations that are primarily informational. In such cases, I select the best. I read only the well-written, high-quality specimens where I like the format, style and wording.

I can afford to ignore websites where the layout and colour schemes are not to my taste.

Conversely, when it comes to personal accounts, valuable, inspirational and original information and independent confirmation compensate for any deficiencies in the presentation and writing, which anyway may come from people whose first language isn’t English. I overlook a lot of imperfections if the content is useful.

Transferable techniques

This system worked very well for me when I was investigating tax-related issues, procedures for objecting to applications for planning permission and technologies such as mobile broadband and HD TV.

It may also be suitable for people who want to learn something about cults and cult leaders.

A few thoughts about cult leaders

As I have said before, there is a huge amount of information available both online and in books about cults, cult members and cult leaders. Although I can’t add very much to it, I can certainly confirm some of it from personal experience; I can also give my take on some aspects, provide supporting material and make some connections.

After producing some articles about cult members, I now have a few things to say about cult leaders.

The godlike cult leader

No matter what type or size of cult is being investigated, religious, political, lifestyle or other, it will have many features in common with other cults.

Similarly, the leader will have attributes in common with most other cult leaders, no matter what their nationality or ideology is.

The most significant of these is the messiah complex.

Only they can save us all; they must be worshipped and obeyed without question. They expect to be treated with respect and even reverence as great spiritual masters, heroes who are going to save the world or model examples of what highly-evolved people should be, depending on what sort of cult they are leaders of.

They may claim a direct connection to and do everything using the authority of some god.

Elizabeth Taylor’s Angel: some miscellaneous thoughts

This final article in the series inspired by Elizabeth Taylor’s novel Angel includes some more connections and a few miscellaneous points of interest.

Angel Deverell and Esmé Scarron the sorcerer

These two people have generated many articles between them; it would be very easy to produce some more, but enough is enough!

By coincidence, Esmé is the name of Angel’s debt-ridden wastrel of a husband, but she bears more resemblance to Stella Gibbons’s villain Esmé Scarron from The Shadow of a Sorcerer than he does!

Angel shares Scarron’s arrogance and preference for having admiring followers or even worshippers rather than real friends.

She too has a bad effect on the people around her, her mother and husband in particular.

Angel could have improved her inner state and become a better person, but just like Scarron she lacks the necessary humility.

Brothers and sisters

Angel’s husband’s full name is Esmé Howe-Nevinson. He is the brother of Nora Howe-Nevinson, Angel’s companion and assistant.

It is not just Esmé’s name that has a connection to Stella Gibbons: his personality and behaviour resemble those of her younger brother Lewis.

As mentioned in the first article in the series, the novelist Marie Corelli was one of the inspirations for Angel. Corelli’s half-brother Eric was a wastrel who was always demanding money from her; Elizabeth Taylor probably created Esmé from what she knew of Eric, but he is also a classic, textbook case.

Many of us will encounter people like Esmé, who go through life leaving a trail of failures, debt and destruction behind them and who are forever taking on new initiatives without the resources and reserves to back them up. They make life hell for anyone they can get a hold over.

Both Stella and the fictional Nora kept house for their brothers;

Both Stella Gibbon’s brother Lewis and the fictional Esmé were unstable; they got into financial and other messes and left it to their sisters to sort it all out.

Same game, different players yet again.

Today’s birthdays: Georgette Heyer and Diana Wynne Jones

Georgette Heyer was born on August 16th 1902.

Diana Wynne Jones was born on August 16th 1934.

There is nothing in Georgette Heyer’s novels relevant to the themes of this blog, although she has been featured here because of some similarities in her and Stella Gibbons’s lives. 

Diana Wynne Jones is very different: her life and her books have been mentioned in several articles and there is still more material to come. 

While Georgette Heyer never wrote about magic, witches or anything occult, Diana Wynne Jones wrote about little else. I wonder whether Georgette’ Heyer’s happy childhood and Diana Wynne Jones’s awful one had anything to do with this.

These two writers have only a few things in common.

They were both born in London and both moved around a lot - at least for a while. They were both heavy smokers, and both died from lung cancer.

While both were very tall, they were very different in appearance. Georgette Heyer was elegant, stylish and kept up with the fashions; Diana Wynne Jones was wild-haired and rather witch-like.

One of the biggest differences is their attitude to publicity.

Georgette Heyer kept herself from the world for most of her life. She is described as ‘ferociously reticent’.

Diana Wynne Jones gave interviews and talks; she visited schools; she wrote articles and spoke about the creative process and her life.

The two authors were usually treated very differently by people they met, as these two amusing anecdotes show:

Elizabeth Taylor’s Angel: wanting and getting

A further article or two about Elizabeth Taylor’s novel Angel has been outstanding for a long time now.

Angel has inspired three previous articles. I have described her imagination, her life and personality and her resemblance to various witches. So what more can there be to say about this strange and impossible woman?

There are some more familiar features and scenarios in her story to be described, and more details to come about the way she wants and gets things.

Wants and obsessions

Angel is an all-or-nothing person; she wants what she wants, how and when she wants it, on her own terms.

People like Angel are so single-minded in the pursuit of what they want that they may behave like addicts desperate for their next fix. They want nothing and no one except whatever they are currently obsessed with; if they are offered anything else they behave as if they have been given a stone when they wanted bread.

I have already mentioned Angel’s visit to her publisher in which she ignores his wife. Angel mostly ignores her aunt, except when she hears her say something interesting about life in the big house, something that she can use in her fantasies.

As a schoolgirl, Angel spends as much time as possible in her imagination, dreaming about living a life of luxury as a member of the family that owns the local big house. She surprises her aunt by actually asking her some questions after hearing her say something that catches her interest and provides food for her imagination. I have seen this behaviour in real life; it is not a good sign. The perpetrator blocks someone completely, then suddenly pounces on them if there is a chance of getting something they want from them.